Annotated Bibliography 1
Source:
KHEMLANI, ALEE. "Pediatric Sports Care Is Growing Business." NJBIZ, vol. 28, no. 49, 14 Dec. 2015, p. 18.NJA.
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Summary:
The article “Pediatric Sports Care is Growing Business” discusses the heightened demand of pediatric sports care due to the increased participation of youth sports. Throughout the year, young athletes are engaged in multiple high-intensity sports and do not allow for their body to take a break. This causes a greater risk of injuries due to overuse and untreated accidents. Pediatric sports care has been undermined and overlooked as a costly expense to insurance companies, but when in fact, it decreases budgets by preventing unnecessary testing and surgeries. Although there is great trust between parent and physician, many physical therapists are now working with physicians to bypass the step of scheduling a visit to receive a physical therapist referral. In extending pediatric sports care, programs, such as Virtua, have been created to provide treatment by a physical therapist at college and professional athletic games. This has started to trickle down to the high school level, and people are seeing the value of it, since injuries are quickly managed.
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Quotes:
“An increasing number of young athletes are engaged in multiple year-round, high-intensity sports. As a result, they are at greater risk of injuries from accidents or overuse of their bodies.” (Khemlani 1)
“practices of over-imaging and over- treating, which caused the tightening up of insurance rules" (Khemlani 2)
“With the current uptick in pediatric patients, the insurance companies are playing catch up" (Khemlani 2)
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Evaluation of Resource:
The article was published by NJBIZ, a regional business news outlet. The writer, Alee Khemlani, has been credited for numerous articles and has been fact checked by other writers. The news outlet is popular among residents in New Jersey and has been known for delivering non bias headlines.
Reflection:
I will use the main idea that 'pediatric sports care is growing' to further answer my essential question of "How does pediatric sports medicine affect adolescent health?" I will use the quotes provided, and the statistics chart, provided by Johns Hopkins Health System, they listed in the article to back my claim. The statistics gives proof that U.S. youth sports injuries are leveling out, due to an increased investment in pediatric sports care.
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Annotated Bibliography 2
Source:
Schreiber, Joseph, et al. “Knowledge Translation and Implementation Special Series. The Use of a
Knowledge Translation Program to Increase Use of Standardized Outcome Measures in an Outpatient
Pediatric Physical Therapy Clinic: Administrative Case Report.” Vol. 95, no. 4, Apr. 2015, pp. 613–629.
Summary:
There are many researches conducted to improve the implications of pediatric physical therapy, but the application of research evidence is hardly used. "Knowledge translation (KT) is defined as the exchange, synthesis, and ethically sound application of knowledge within a complex system of interactions among researchers and users." In this study, researchers have conducted a Knowledge Translation Program, which would improve the knowledge and use of research evidence. This program was conducted in 4 clinics with a total of 18 physical therapists, but only 17 physical therapists' outcomes were used, since the 18th physical therapist resigned. The program was outlined by the identification of barriers, the use of a knowledge broker, multiple workshop and practice sessions, online and hardcopy resources, and an ongoing evaluation. The first barrier identified was the inconsistency of service among physical therapist. Since this study was not focused on the differences of knowledge and skills, researchers spoke to administrators to support the limited use of standardized outcome measures. The next step was providing assessments, workshops, books and online materials, conducting surveys and data, and establishing effective communication through staff meetings and emails. These were crucial in examining results and determining outcome measures, because without them, the research would be invalid. Researches came to a conclusion that their Knowledge Translation Program was effective and showed an increase in documentation and patient recovery. Based on these positive results, clinics should consider utilizing a similar program. Though the results were apparent, there were some flaws that were not controlled. Since the research is fairly new and has not been reevaluated, the validity of the outcome scores were not well established. Though researchers part of the KT program may reconsider this framework to create an effective program.
Potential Quotes:
"Knowledge translation (KT) is defined as the exchange, synthesis, and ethically sound application of knowledge within a complex system of interactions among researchers and users."
Pediatric physical therapists encounter challenges related to the administration of the research evidence to clinical practice. These challenges can be overcome through a multicomponent knowledge translation program.
"This program was conducted at a pediatric outpatient facility with 1 primary clinic and 3 additional satellite clinics, and a total of 18 therapists. Patients from birth to 18 years of age and with a wide variety of diagnoses received services at each clinic site. The 18 staff physical therapists of practitioners, including new graduates and those with more than 20 years of experience. Five individuals were board certified pediatric clinical specialists, 3 had an entry-level bachelor's degree, 8 had an entry-level master's degree, and 7 had a doctorate in physical therapy."
"Self-reported knowledge of testing and measurement significantly improved across the 4 subdomains of test selection, administration, interpretation, and sharing of results between baseline and 8-month follow-up."
"The KT program described in this case report led to improved knowledge and increased frequency of performance of standardized outcome measures in a pediatric outpatient clinic... Key factor included identification of clinical problem, administrative support, multifaceted intervention, ready access to knowledge materials, and sustained interaction with knowledge brokers (KB)."
Evaluation of Resource:
This source is reliable, because the research was conducted by the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). The APTA is the official organization of physical therapists in the United States. Their extensive researches cost millions of dollars and are accredited to notable researchers and physical therapists -- for this researchJoseph Schreiber, Gregor F. Marchetti, Brook Racicot, Ellen Kaminiski, and many more, with a credible background, participated in this. This study was published in April 2015 and is one of the latest studies conducted for the effects of knowledge translation. I was able to access this information through a credible source, Galileo.
Reflection:
When I first thought about my essential question, I was focused on how a pediatric physical therapist utilizes patient information, parental opinions, and other factors to design a plan of care, but from reading this research, an effective plan of care extends to a physical therapist's practice and usage of researches conducted by the APTA. If a physical therapist is not implementing the latest research and strategies needed to treat their patients, their plan of care will be ineffective, leading to an untreated patient. After reading this article, I went to my mentor to get her input and asked her how she implements APTA research into her practice. She briefly explained to me that "Everyone has their own way of practice. Keith over there has been treating for 17 years, and I know he isn't the same therapist he was in his first year of treating. Looking back at myself 5 years ago, I laugh at how I treated patients, and I know in the next 5 years I will be laughing at myself now. Whenever I read or hear about the latest research the APTA has conducted, I think about how extensive the research is and if there are credible sources to back their research. Like with anything, you can't be hasty and jump into things without knowing all the details." From what she told me, it made sense that not everyone is going to quickly implement APTA researches into their practice, because of their personal way of practice and how much research is conducted.
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Annotated Bibliography 3
Source:
Wims, Mary E., et al. “The Use of Yoga by Physical Therapists in the United States."
International Journal of Yoga Therapy, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 69–79.
Summary:
Yoga focuses on multiple aspects of the human body and includes breath work, meditation, and poses. The practice parallels the integral parts of movement and breathing in a physical therapist's (PT) plan of care. Though, it is unknown how PTs implement yoga in their plan of care. The purpose of this study was to determine how PTs in the US view yoga as a PT tool and how they use yoga therapeutically. Results were received from participants from 47 states, who replied to a survey via electronic communications through the sections of the American Physical Therapy Association. All participants were asked about general demographics, personal yoga practice, and use, exposure and opinion of therapeutic yoga. It was found that almost three-quarters of PTs report using therapeutic yoga. Of these PTs, about one-third use asana (poses) and pranayama (breath work) only. Within the past month of the survey, less then half of the PTs reported using therapeutic yoga in their direct patient care more than four times, and a quarter reported between two and four times. One in five reported once, and the remainder reported no use within the year. Reports were then gathered on the attitudes and concerns about yoga. "It was found that those who incorporate therapeutic yoga feel strongly about its benefits of alignment, balance, breathing and breath regulation, flexibility, and relaxation." Though there are many benefits of yoga, there are common concerns by PTs who implement yoga in their plan of care and of those who do not. Common concerns were unfamiliarity with using yoga therapeutically, patient's lack of interest, and lack of research support for efficacy. Based on the results of the research, it was found that PTs specializing in a variety of practice areas utilize yoga in their therapeutic practices. Looking on the changes in healthcare needs, the blending of yoga into PT practice is a compelling treatment approach. Although resources were sufficiently allocated to create the most effective research, there were some confounding variables that may have skewed results. Since there were only 333 participants, it was not a large enough population to represent all physical therapists. Additionally individuals who implement therapeutic yoga may have been more likely to respond to the survey than those who do not; a common challenge with survey research.
Potential Quotes:
"Yoga focuses on the mind, body, and spirit, and includes breath work (pranayama), meditation (dhyana), and poses (asana)."
"Yoga is purported to facilitate both a decrease in cortisol levels and stress and as well as an increase in dopamine, serotonin, and antioxidant levels, thereby warranting its role as a strong modality in fighting chronic pain conditions."
"Most therapists also incorporate additional elements such as concentration/focus, heightened sensory awareness, and/or meditation."
"According to the results of our survey, physical therapists specializing in a variety of practice areas have embraced tenets of yoga in their therapeutic practices."
Assessment:
This is a reliable source because the research was conducted by Mary E. Wims, Shayla M. McIntyre, Ann York, and Laura G. Covill. These researches have credible backgrounds and worked with Des Moines University and the American Physical Therapy Association, a notable college and group of physical therapist. To further validate the credibility of this source, I found this on Galileo under "Academic Journals," which narrows down my searches to reliable sources. Galileo is a site offered by my school system, which allows me to access more than what common search engines, such as Google, offers.
Reflection:
This fits into my research of personalizing a plan of care, because it shows that yoga may be something that PTs should start implementing into their practice. PTs can evaluate their patients by reviewing if they are on track for recovery, and if they are not, yoga might be something that may personalize their patient's plan of care and put them on the road to recovery. I can use this source in my project when I am talking about what is used in a plan of care -- modalities, strength training, etc. I can design a plan of care and implement the difference practices and analyze how yoga may affect a patient.